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Health

如何治療川崎症?認識川崎症後遺症及復發率

2023-10-25 5min read
介紹川崎症症狀及治療方法,以及川崎症的後遺症及復發機會

川崎症是一種使患者血管高度發炎的疾病,多見於二至五歲的兒童,但年幼至未足一歲的幼兒亦可能患上。雖然川崎症不算是常見疾病,但本地每年仍有約100宗個案,家長尤其要留意子女身上是否有相關症狀。以下10Life將為大家介紹川崎症的症狀及治療方法,以至川崎症復發機會及後遺症。

川崎症的命名、成因及高危因素

為何這疾病稱為川崎症?因這病於1967年由日本小兒科醫生川崎富作最早提報,所以命名為川崎症(Kawasaki disease)。

現今醫學界仍未確認川崎症的確切成因,但研究者普遍認為川崎症可能由多種因素包括遺傳、環境和感染等的共同作用引起,而使患者的自體免疫反應異常,引致身體出現各種發炎反應。

在川崎症高危因素方面,亞洲血統人士的患病率比非亞洲人高,年齡上二至五歲的兒童患病風險較高,性別上則男童比女童有更高的患病率。

川崎症主要症狀 
 

因川崎症引致發炎而誘發的主要症狀包括:

發燒 持續發高燒至五天或以上仍不退
眼睛眼結膜充血而使眼睛發紅
嘴唇唇部乾裂而呈鮮紅色
舌頭舌頭呈現如士多啤梨般的鮮紅色,亦稱「草莓舌」
頸部淋巴結腫脹
四肢手腳浮腫、手掌呈泛紅,約十天後手指及腳趾開始脫皮
皮疹各種形狀的紅斑皮疹

 

在以上主要症狀外,因川崎症會令患者全身血管發炎,而尤其影響小型及中型血管的運作。患者的血管壁會發炎而變得脆弱,並逐漸擴張,構成血管冠狀動脈瘤。同時,川崎症亦可能會引致心臟併發症,川崎症後遺症是兒童後天性心臟病的主要風險因素。

川崎症診斷方法

醫生通常根據臨床症狀診斷川崎症,包括兒童患有高燒持續五天不退並且無法以其他病理解釋,加上有上述主要症狀的任何四種,即可診斷為川崎症。

川崎症治療方法及其利弊

患上川崎症後的首十天是黃金治療期,主要治療方法是使用免疫球蛋白(丙種球蛋白)及高劑量的阿士匹靈。免疫球蛋白有助於減少心臟併發症的風險,而阿士匹靈則用來抑制全身炎症,並大大降低出現冠狀動脈瘤的機率。

然而,因阿士匹靈的藥性本來不適合兒童使用,尤其是研究普遍顯示兒童服用阿士匹靈與腦部疾病雷氏綜合症(Reye's syndrome)之間有著高度相關性,一般醫生都不會再處方阿士匹靈予兒童,唯獨於治療川崎症之上才建議使用。

川崎症復發機會及後遺症

在川崎症治癒後,如患者心臟曾有發炎,則必要維持服用低劑量的阿士匹靈,降低因血管發炎而引致的心臟問題。在得到及時並適當的治療並痊癒後,川崎症復發率為3至5%,而多發生於本身有過敏體質的兒童。然而一旦川崎症復發,對患者的心血管會再次構成嚴重影響。對於心臟受川崎症影響的患者,定期覆診及檢查非常重要,以確認心血管狀況正常,同時應該保持健康飲食,避免增加心血管的負擔。

不論初診還是復發,若耽誤治療川崎症,後遺症可以很嚴重,可能會導致心臟併發症,如心血管病變、冠狀動脈瘤等,嚴重的情況或要一輩子都持續服藥。

以保險產品保障孩子的一生

作為會影響心臟、血管的疾病,家長應密切留意子女身上有否出現川崎症症狀,以免耽誤治療。為了一家的安全,或可以考慮為孩子投保醫療保險,10Life為大家提供詳細的保險產品比較,幫助家長選擇最適合的保障計劃。

資料來源:傳媒報道

10Life Editorial Team

Our team of professional content researchers focussing on insurance

10Life Editorial Team

Our team of professional content researchers focussing on insurance

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