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【手足口病】大人小朋友都會中 一文睇晒手足口病病徵及傳染途徑

2023-09-04 5min read
【手足口病】大人小朋友都會中 一文睇晒手足口病病徵及傳染途徑

「口罩令」解除之後,大家開始習慣不戴口罩,不少常見的傳染病也預料會捲土重來,例如主要「攻擊」幼童的手足口病,由於傳染性高,很容易在幼稚園和幼兒中心造成爆發性傳染。手足口病會導致口腔潰瘍,小朋友往往因為疼痛不適、不想進食而消瘦,甚至有機會引起嚴重併發症,家長不能掉以輕心。10Life整理了感染手足口病的原因、病徵、治療和預防方法等,幫助大家預防病毒入侵。

甚麼是手足口病?有甚麼病徵?染病原因是甚麼?

根據衞生署資料,手足口病可以由多種腸病毒引起,例如柯薩奇病毒和EV71型腸病毒,主要感染5歲以下的幼童,病徵多為連續發燒數天,手腳出現水泡或紅疹,口腔內和舌頭旁邊亦會有引起疼痛的潰瘍,因而影響食慾。

大部份手足口病患者的病徵輕微,水泡和紅疹通常會在7至10天內消退,但手足口病也有機會引致嚴重併發症,例如病毒性腦膜炎和腦炎等。

此外,有家庭醫學專科醫生指出,大人亦有可能感染手足口病,而且染病後的症狀會比兒童更加嚴重,部份成年患者可能需要服用抗病毒藥。

手足口病會傳染嗎?有沒有潛伏期?

根據衞生署資料,手足口病主要透過直接接觸患者的呼吸道分泌物、唾液、排泄物、穿破了的水泡,或接觸受污染的物件等傳播,潛伏期約3至7天。手足口病的傳染性高,尤其在病發的第一個星期最具傳染性。

過往5月至7月是手足口病高峯期,10月至12月亦可能會出現較小型的高峯期。一旦確診手足口病,小朋友應避免上學或參加集體活動,直至完全康復,即發燒和紅疹消退,口腔、手腳的潰瘍和水泡都結痂之後,再留家休息多兩星期才回校上課。

一旦患上手足口病,如何治療?有沒有方法減輕不適?

目前沒有針對性的藥物治療手足口病,但可以用藥紓緩不適,例如發燒和口腔潰瘍引起的痛楚等。此外,患者應該多喝水和有充足休息,可以促進復原。

此外,為了防範併發症,家長應觀察小朋友的病情,假如持續發高燒、神情呆滯或病情惡化,應盡快帶他們求醫。

感染過手足口病,之後是否就能免疫?

患者感染手足口病並痊癒之後,會對引起該次感染的病毒產生抗體,不過,日後仍有機會感染由其他腸病毒引致的手足口病。

如何預防手足口病?有沒有手足口病疫苗?

目前未有針對手足口病的疫苗,如果想預防手足口病,最重要是注意個人和環境衞生,例如:

  • 保持空氣流通
  • 飯前、如廁後應徹底洗手
  • 咳嗽或打噴嚏時應掩住口鼻
  • 小朋友的玩具或用具應清洗乾淨
  • 不要與他人共用毛巾或其他個人物品等

新冠疫情之下,大家的衞生意識提高,加上長期戴口罩和網上授課,大人、小朋友都少了接觸各種細菌和病毒,有家庭醫學專科醫生指出,一些常見的傳染病如流感和手足口病,近幾年的確診數字都有下跌。不過,現時已毋須強制戴口罩,小朋友本身抵抗力弱,較容易生病,更要小心避免病毒入侵。

同時,及早購買醫療保險,有助小朋友更靈活地接受合適治療。如有需要,可參考10Life較早前比較不同兒童自願醫保的文章:幼稚園小朋友自願醫保小學生自願醫保比較,或透過10Life《保險解碼器》了解更多。

註:   
1. 資料來源:衞生署、衞生防護中心、傳媒報道   
2. 本文最後更新日期:2023年8月30日。   

10Life Editorial Team

Our team of professional content researchers focussing on insurance

10Life Editorial Team

Our team of professional content researchers focussing on insurance

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